Medical Library

– Inadequate fluid intake
– Excessive sweating
– Diarrhea or vomiting
– Fever
– Certain medications (diuretics, laxatives)

– Overuse or repetitive strain
– Sudden injury or trauma
– Aging and wear-and-tear
– Poor posture or improper technique during physical activity

– Drinking contaminated water
– Consuming contaminated food
– Poor hygiene and sanitation
– Close contact with infected individuals

– Exposure to cold weather or cold water
– Inadequate clothing or shelter
– Immersion in cold water
– Certain medical conditions affecting temperature regulation

– Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures
– Wet or windy conditions increasing heat loss
– Inadequate clothing or protection

– Rapid ascent above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet)
– Inadequate acclimatization

– Contact with contaminated water or soil
– Exposure to urine of infected animals (rats, livestock, pets)
– Flooded areas or poor sanitation

– Bites or scratches from domestic or wild animals
– Contact with infected animals (dogs, bats, monkeys, etc.)

– Infection by influenza virus types A, B, or C
– Spread through coughs, sneezes, or close contact with infected persons

– Spread through respiratory droplets from coughs, sneezes, or talking
– Contact with contaminated surfaces followed by touching face